|
Table 2. Triads Census of Alliances in the World
Automobile Industry
| |
|
|
Null Triad
|
|
|
|
Dyad
|
|
|
|
Disunion Triad
|
|
|
|
Union Triad
|
|
|
|
Signifi-
|
|
| |
|
|
[003]a
|
|
|
|
[102]
|
|
|
|
[201]
|
|
|
|
[300]
|
|
|
|
canceb
|
|
|
Type of Alliance
|
|
observed
|
|
expected
|
|
observed
|
|
expected
|
|
observed
|
|
expected
|
|
observed
|
|
expected
|
|
td
|
|
tu
|
| All Alliances |
|
5616
|
|
5510
|
|
1814
|
|
2010
|
|
314
|
|
241
|
|
26
|
|
9
|
|
5.972
|
|
5.540
|
| joint venture |
|
7045
|
|
7024
|
|
681
|
|
722
|
|
43
|
|
24
|
|
1
|
|
0
|
|
4.463
|
|
1.538
|
| manufacturing/assembly |
|
6631
|
|
6607
|
|
1057
|
|
1103
|
|
78
|
|
60
|
|
4
|
|
1
|
|
2.767
|
|
2.939
|
| technology
sharing |
|
6877
|
|
6861
|
|
844
|
|
873
|
|
46
|
|
36
|
|
3
|
|
0
|
|
1.981
|
|
3.752
|
| supplier
relationship |
|
6529
|
|
6513
|
|
1158
|
|
1186
|
|
77
|
|
70
|
|
6
|
|
1
|
|
.976
|
|
4.079
|
| marketing/distribution |
|
7030
|
|
7024
|
|
712
|
|
722
|
|
26
|
|
24
|
|
2
|
|
0
|
|
.555
|
|
3.573
|
| equity
investment |
|
7257
|
|
7256
|
|
502
|
|
503
|
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
1
|
|
0
|
|
-.278
|
|
3.466
|
|
*Numbers in square brackers [MAN] refer to triad isomorphism classes using
standard labeling, where M = number of mutual dyads, A = number of asymmetric
dyads, and N = number of null dyads.
btau test statistics from TRIADS (Walker and Wasserman 1987).
td = disumion triads; tu = union triads.
Source: Baker (1992b). Data from Wards International, 1985
(N = 37 automobile companies).
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